The condition is genetic, being passed down from family members. The severity of the condition, however, is not genetic. There are environmental factors like cigarette smoke, that can cause the condition to be worse in some family members.
Macular degeneration is a deterioration of the macular region of the retina. The retina is the thin tissue in the back of the eye, that changes light into a nerve signal, and transmits that signal to the brain through the optic nerve. The macula is the most central and sensitive part of the retina. Think of the “bullseye” of a target. To give you an example, you are using your macula right now to read the words on your screen.
Macular degeneration causes “drusen” to build up within the pigment layer of the macula. This then causes the pigment to clump together and leaves gaps within the macula. When enough of these gaps occur, the patient will notice a loss of the central area of their vision.
Macular Degeneration has two forms, often called either Dry Macular degeneration, or Wet Macular degeneration. The form of the condition will determine the treatment for the patient, as well as the visual prognosis. Patients will usually start with Dry Macular Degeneration, and then progress to wet. Both forms however in late stages can be devastating to the patients vision.
The health of the macula should be evaluated by your eye care specialist at every examination. Direct observation with either dilation and microscope, or without dilation and an “Optos Optomap” are the best ways to view the Macula, vitreous and other structures inside the eye.
